KIWI
09-06-2009, 08:04 PM
This is Bruce Cathies chapter on the operational characteristics of the laser, from his book..
THE PULSE OF THE UNIVERSE: HARMONIC 288
CHAPTER 11
Published by
A.H/A.W Reed LTD-1977
ISBN: 0 589 01029 8
The chapter on WATER , TEMP , and SOUND is about 10 pages longer, it was the one I said I would throw up for cog to have a chew on, I will do it but for now its the laser piece......taken me at least 12 hours to type these 9.2 pages! :roll:
30 + years have elapsed since this was written and the technology has evolved considerably........todays laser types include
Gas laser
Chemical laser
Excimer laser
Solid-state laser
Fibre-hosted laser
Photonic crystal laser
Semi-conductor laser
Dye laser
Free electron laser
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser
[offsite:2kstua1u]Exotic laser media
In September 2007, the BBC News reported that there was speculation about the possibility of using positronium annihilation to drive a very powerful gamma ray laser.[20] Dr. David Cassidy of the University of California, Riverside proposed that a single such laser could be used to ignite a nuclear fusion reaction, replacing the hundreds of lasers used in typical inertial confinement fusion experiments.[20]
Space-based X-ray lasers pumped by a nuclear explosion have also been proposed as antimissile weapons.[21][22] Such devices would be one-shot weapons.[/offsite:2kstua1u]
THE HARMONICS OF THE LASER
B.L. Cathie
In 1960 electronic engineers coined a new word: LASER, which is an acronym for an electrical process: LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMMISSION OF RADIATION.
This, however is not an exact definition as a laser does not actually amplify light in the strict sense. It generates a particular kind of light and should in fact be termed an oscillator.
It has also been termed a quantum device since its action can be explained by the science of quantum mechanics. The important difference between ordinary light and light radiating from a laser, is that the laser light is coherent.
Each ray of light is of the same wave-length,or colour, and is completely in phase with its neighbours, whereas ordinary light is scattered in all directions.The energy of the light rays generated by the device is emitted in a pencil-thin beam which does not spread out, thus allowing it to be concentrated on a sharply defined point.
The radiation can be made so intense that it will burn a hole through a steel plate one inch thick placed several feet away. Radiant energy is propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves. A moving wave forms a series of crests and troughs, and the wavelength is defined as the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs.
We say a wave has “ moved through one cycle” when it has gone from crest to trough and back to crest again..The frequency of a wave is the number of individual cycles which are executed in one second.
All electromagnetic waves, including those of light, travel at approximately 186,300 mps. As the metric system is used in all scientific measurement, this is usually given a value of 300,000,000 metres per sec. Classification of all forms of radiant energy is carried out by a comparison of wavelengths, and a table can be set up forming a spectrum of wavelengths.
The electromagnetic spectrum is so arranged that the longer wavelengths are at the bottom of the table. Only a very small fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible to us as light, and the lower region of this section has a wavelength of 0.000.00075 metre. We see radiation at this wavelength as red light.
To simplify matters when calculating wavelength, the scientists invented a measure called the Angstrom unit, which is equal to 1/10,000,000,000 of a metre. This is abbreviated to the letter A. The visible spectrum extends from 7,500 A (Deep red) to 4,000 A (Blue)
The energy of radiation is proportional to its frequency, and the energy of each wave packet, or cycle, is called a quantum. This is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation by Planck’s Constant (6.625 x 10_27 erg seconds).The number of quanta that pass a designated point in a given time depends directly on the intensity of the radiation source.
All light is produced when atoms are subjected to energy changes.When an electrical current is caused to flow through the filament of a light-bulb, the atomic structure of the tungsten , or other material that it consists of, is agitated, and some of the energy is released as visible light.The energy levels of the atomic structure of a gas can be caused to fluctuate in the same way.
When an atom absorbs or imparts energy, it does so according to very strict rules, and each atom has an energy level that represents its stable state.Hydrogen in this stable, or ground state, cannot absorb energy in an amount less than 10 electron-volts. If a Hydrogen atom is struck by an electron which has an energy of less than 10 EV the particle will disperse without imparting any of its energy to the Hydrogen. If the electron had an energy potential of 10 EV or more,the Hydrogen atom could absorb the 10 EV and the electron would continue on its way with a reduced energy and speed.
The Hydrogen atom would then be at its first excited state, at which level it would stay for a short time, then fall back to the ground state, shedding its 10EV of energy as a quantum of electromagnetic radiation.It appears that the energy level in a Hydrogen atom can be raised to a total of seven higher states than the stable ground state.
As the energy is dissipated in a jump from a higher level to a lower one, the loss is manifested as a packet of radiation.As the total number of electrons that can be accommodated in each atomic “shell” is eight, it is logical to assume that the total number of energy levels to which an atom can be raised would depend on the number of electrons which exist in the outer shell of the atom when it is in its stable, or ground , state.
If ,for instance, a particular type of atom has four electrons in its outer shell in the ground state, then it can be raised to a total of four energy levels higher, at which time the octave of eight electron positions has been used up.As the atom jumps back through the four excited states to its stable level, different types of radiation would be emitted.
The textbooks state that when the electron passes through various energy levels it jumps to higher or lower orbits in its travel around the nucleus of an atom. I have a feeling that this is not quite the whole story. The outer shell of an atom is capable of accommodating eight electrons, and in the case of Hydrogen, only one of these positions is filled.
In the chapter on the harmonic nature of the atomic table of elements I have demonstrated that each electron position on the orbital periphery of an atom is spaced at a harmonic distance of 144 (the light harmonic), the total of the eight electron positions forming an orbital harmonic circumference of 1152 units.
I would theorise that if a Hydrogen atom were in the stable state, then the single electron would have a very definite fixed location in relation to the eight positions it could fill. As energy is imparted to it in strict quantum jumps, then the electron would move round the periphery of orbit in each of the three dimensional planes to occupy the next position, which would be a three-dimensional harmonic leap of 144 units.
As the energy of the electron is increased it would move further round the periphery of orbit in unit jumps of 144 until a maximum of eight positions was reached. This could be likened to the twisting of a bendix spring in the starter motor of a car. The more the circumferential twist, the higher the tension
The process called spontaneous emission occurs when an atom in the excited state, say E2, decays of its own accord to the lower energy level E, and emits a photon of energy E2-E. Albert Einstien proved mathematically that if the atom in its higher energy state is hit by another photon of the same energy, the decay can be stimulated to occur before its natural time. After the collision, two photons of the same energy would leave the scene of the accident, as it were, and travel in the same direction, exactly in step with each other.
The process of stimulated emission is the basis for a method of amplifying light waves.The American scientists James P Gordon, H T Zeiger, and Charles H Townes put this general idea to pratical use in 1954. They applied the theory to the amplification of microwaves by the fluctuation of the energy levels of molecules. This type of device was called the “maser”, which stood for…”Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation”. One use of a maser is that of an input amplifier of radio telescopes and of space-tracking receivers that magnify weak signals coming in from space.
The theory was first used to generate coherent light in 1960, by the scientist T H Maiman, an employee of the Hughes Aircraft Company in California. The main parts of the device were a xenon flashtube and a cylindrical ruby crystal. The type of ruby used is a synthetic gem-stone made by fusing aluminium and chromium oxides together. The amount of chromium is only five hundreths of one percent, but this seems to be the catalyst upon which the action of light amplification depends.
The ruby crystal is flattened at both ends , and each end polished to a mirror finish. One end is heavily coated with silver. The other end not so heavily coated, which causes it to reflect only approximately 92 percent of the light waves which impinge upon it. The crystal is then positioned within a helical-shaped flashtube. The irradiation of the crystal by this method is called optical pumping.
Mr John Carroll, in his book “ The story of The Laser”, states…..
“ When energy is imparted to an atom…it is said to absorb energy and to have been raised to a higher or more excited energy state , or level. If the electron then returns to its original orbit [ I would say position in its orbit] the atom then gives up energy. It may now emit light of a precise wavelength. The atom is said to relax to a lower or less excited energy state, or level. When light wavelets, or photons, at 5600A from the flashtube irradiate the ruby rod, they raise the energy of some of the chromium ions dissolved in the ruby from groundstate(1) to various levels lying within the absorbtion band.
Then the chromium ions immediately begin to drop from these higher energy levels. Some drop right back to the ground state, level (1), as they do in natural fluorescence. But others drop to an intermediate, or so called “meta-stable” state, (2). If left alone, the latter chromium ions would continue their drop to level (1), and the result would be natural fluorescence. But these ions dally for a short but measurable time in level (2), and this is what makes laser action possible
While the chromium ions are trying to get back to level (1) the flashtube keeps on irradiating more chromium ions. In fact, the two-step movement from state (1) to state (3) and down to state (2) is much faster than the movement from state (2) to state (1). Thus there develops a chromium traffic jam at energy level (2).
…as the pile- up of chromium ions in level (2) continues, another situation develops: soon there are more chromium ions in level (2) than in level (1). This is called population inversion and is essential to laser action. When you have an inversion of the chromium ion population, the laser resembles a spring that has been wound up and cocked. It needs a key to release it.
This is what is meant by “ stimulated emission” of radiation. The stimulus is the key that releases the cocked spring. The key is a photon of light of exactly the wavelength to be emitted (6943A). Emission begins when a random chromium ion spontaneously falls from level (2) to level (1) emitting a photon at 6943A. The photon strikes neighbouring metastable , (level 2) ions, causing them to emit additional photons and these in turn trigger other metastable ions.”
As this action builds up, millions of photons are released within the ruby crystal. Some are lost by escaping through the sides of the crystal but a great number are reflected back and forth between the mirrored ends..This causes a stream of photons to be built up until the energy is so great that a beam of single-frequency, coherent light passes through the partially silvered end in an intense pulse. Laser action now commences and a continuous pulsing action occurs, setting up a very thin beam of light consisting of waves all in step with each other
The story of the laser is a very exciting one, and many textbooks can now be obtained explaining the general technicalities of its operation. What is of immediate importance to us in the creation of the beam of photons is the quantum of energy necessary to initiate the action: namely, 6943 angstroms. A very familiar value- the harmonic of the speed of light reciprocal.
These standard values are repeated “ad nausem” , but that is what the exercise is all about- the unified nature of light and matter. When the energy level of a laser device is built up until it reaches the harmonic reciprocal of the speed of light, the creation of a photon must occur if symmetry is to be maintained.The 6943 A energy packet would create an anti-photon, so we must have a normal photon on the physical side to balance it up.
More and more photons are created in an ever-increasing avalanche, as more energy is pumped into the laser, and eventually the stage must be reached when they saturate the device to overflowing, and burst forth to form an energy beam.
Another important factor in the construction of a laser is the type of material used to make the crystal, or the make-up of the gas in certain types of gas laser. To create a harmonic trigger to initiate the formation of photons it would be logical to assume that special materials would have to be found for the construction that would have a physical harmonic affinity with light, or any type of radiation it was intended to produce.
In the case of the ruby laser, this was found to be so. A combination of aluminium isotopes could be used to form an aluminium oxide with an atomic weight of 26.94 (harmonic 2694; see unified equation). The same would apply to chromium, the atomic weight being 51.84 (51.84=7.2/2 {squared}….or harmonic 72, or c/2.
The combination of chromium and aluminium would give a combined weight of 78.78. The reciprocal of this number is 12693577 (12694). Gallium arsenide is another material that can be used successfully in solid state lasers. In this case the most efficient mixture of isotopes to use would be that which would give an atomic weight of 69.44
In all cases, laser action is seen to be directly related to quantum jumps that give very accurate values in terms of light, or associated harmonics. For instance, in the case of the ruby laser it was found possible to double the output to 3472 angstroms.This would create an energy level which is a reciprocal of the double light harmonic of 288.
John Carroll states in his book: “Frequency coherrant light also lends itself to frequency multiplication, the technique whereby a closely controlled but relatively low radio frequency can be raised to a higher output frequency. The output of a ruby laser at 6943A, has been doubled to 3472 A.The input was deep red and the output blue-violet, almost ultra-violet.
The reason the wavelengths of laser light are given so precisely is that the emission of laser light depends on the shifting electrons between atomic orbits and each wavelength is characteristic of one particular orbital shift, or so-called, quantum jump”
As stated before, according to the evidence I have found the quantum jump is not strictly confined to a lower or higher orbit, but rather to a new position further around the periphery of the three-dimensional planes of orbit, 144 harmonic units from the stable point.
As the shift in position cannot be observed, the movement apparently takes place during the antimatter part of the pulse or cycle. The possibility even occurs to me that the electron in the stable position may disappear instantaneously and that a new one is created to take its place at the higher energy level, further round the orbit.
The fact that laser action depends entirely on the harmonic affinity of energy and physical materials indicates to me some very exciting possibilities for the future.The next step in research is obviously to construct lasers in such a way that the coherrant light beam can be selected to particular wavelengths that coincide with that of specific types of physical matter.
If, as I presume, the atomic table of elements is a natural harmonic series, then it would be possible to tune a laser to resonate at the exact wavelength of any type of matter we choose.If this is so then we would have at our disposal the perfect tool for cutting, or manipulating, any type of material.
The atomic structure would not be physically torn apart during the cutting process as it is under present methods. The atoms along the line of the cut would be actually disintergrated with a very small amount of effort, leaving a smooth clean surface. An added, and very important advantage, would be that any other type of material or physical matter touched by the selective laser would remain unharmed, as the physical wave-form would be out of harmony with the beam.
It is more than a probability that the miles of spacious tunnels and caverns snaking through the depths of the mountain ranges in South America, as described in the books of Erich Von Daniken were carved out by the use of laser-type devices. Thousands of tons of rock have been removed and the walls in many places are still smooth to the touch, regardless of their immense age.
Only highly sophisticated machines, or electronic means, could have been employed to work extremely hard granite to such a high degree of accuracy and finish.
A pointer to this may be found in an article printed in the “Rosicrucian Digest” of March 1961. The story called “A Beam of Light” , by Gaston Burridge, discussed the possibility of creating an electronic generator to produce a disintergrating beam.
He stated that Nicola Tesla had spoken of such an idea in 1933. Tesla envisaged the beam, or ray, as tiny in size, but highly destructive.. Possibly no more than one hundred thousandth of a centimeter in diameter. The range would be about 200 miles, due to the curvature of the earth, and the energy would be about 50 000 000 volts. He estimated the cost to be around 2 000 000 dollars- a great amount of money in the early 1930’s. It would be interesting to know if the information necessary to make the generator was among the records removed from Tesla’s safe by the authorities when he died in 1943.
Was it Tesla who paved the way for the production of the laser? More than possible I would say, because in the same article another startling occurrence was described. Evidently in Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, not too long ago, a mysterious happening took place:
“Fort Monmouth scientists were experimenting with new ideas in radar-beam transmission. Giant electrical apparatus flexing huge mechanical muscles hummed contentedly. Experimental test results however had been disappointing , and after a brief conference the three participating scientists gave their foreman word to end the experiment. Turning to his switchboard operator, the foreman swung his hands palms down at waist level, as a signal to shut off power.
As he lifted his hand toward the handle of the main switch, all eyes followed the motion……then before his hand could reach the switch a blinding flash of purple fire arced out from the radar transmitter. An angry demonic hiss followed the flash. The brilliance paused a fraction of a second, flattening itself slightly against a two-foot thick concrete laboratory wall, then burst through it with a sharp sizzling noise….
The lavender flame had pierced a forty-inch diameter hole, its edges vitrified , without one sliver of material which had once filled it remaining. The stone had evidently become gas almost instantly.”
Obviously the above description was the portrayal of an experiment that went some what hay-wire.But the results, although accidental, could no doubt be repeated by intention, and under complete control. It is almost certain that the disintergrator ray is already in the hands of the top scientific and military groups in the world.
I have shown how the atomic weights of aluminium and gallium make these metals ideal for the manufacture of lasers due to their harmonic properties. Another use has been found for them in the construction of high-flux solar cells. The use of normal photovoltaic solar cells is prohibited by the high cost of production.
It has been found by experiment that a particular type of gallium arsenide, or gallium aluminium arsenide heterostructure junction semi-conductor solar cells can be operated at light intensities of 2000 times that of full sunlight. The output is between 20 and 40w per square centimeter. The maximum efficiency obtained by use of silicone cells is obtained by a concentration of only about 10 times that of normal sunlight.
Obviously gallium and aluminium have very special properties which can be exploited in various types of electrical apparatus. Other elements or combinations of elements will be discovered in the future, which can be utilized for various types of sophisticated electrical gear, due to their particular harmonic wave-pattern. By this I am referring to the geometric structure of the atoms making up an element, or a combination of elements.
Science has only just begun to un lock the mysteries of physical substance. An exciting future awaits us in the discoveries yet to come.
THE PULSE OF THE UNIVERSE: HARMONIC 288
CHAPTER 11
Published by
A.H/A.W Reed LTD-1977
ISBN: 0 589 01029 8
The chapter on WATER , TEMP , and SOUND is about 10 pages longer, it was the one I said I would throw up for cog to have a chew on, I will do it but for now its the laser piece......taken me at least 12 hours to type these 9.2 pages! :roll:
30 + years have elapsed since this was written and the technology has evolved considerably........todays laser types include
Gas laser
Chemical laser
Excimer laser
Solid-state laser
Fibre-hosted laser
Photonic crystal laser
Semi-conductor laser
Dye laser
Free electron laser
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser
[offsite:2kstua1u]Exotic laser media
In September 2007, the BBC News reported that there was speculation about the possibility of using positronium annihilation to drive a very powerful gamma ray laser.[20] Dr. David Cassidy of the University of California, Riverside proposed that a single such laser could be used to ignite a nuclear fusion reaction, replacing the hundreds of lasers used in typical inertial confinement fusion experiments.[20]
Space-based X-ray lasers pumped by a nuclear explosion have also been proposed as antimissile weapons.[21][22] Such devices would be one-shot weapons.[/offsite:2kstua1u]
THE HARMONICS OF THE LASER
B.L. Cathie
In 1960 electronic engineers coined a new word: LASER, which is an acronym for an electrical process: LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMMISSION OF RADIATION.
This, however is not an exact definition as a laser does not actually amplify light in the strict sense. It generates a particular kind of light and should in fact be termed an oscillator.
It has also been termed a quantum device since its action can be explained by the science of quantum mechanics. The important difference between ordinary light and light radiating from a laser, is that the laser light is coherent.
Each ray of light is of the same wave-length,or colour, and is completely in phase with its neighbours, whereas ordinary light is scattered in all directions.The energy of the light rays generated by the device is emitted in a pencil-thin beam which does not spread out, thus allowing it to be concentrated on a sharply defined point.
The radiation can be made so intense that it will burn a hole through a steel plate one inch thick placed several feet away. Radiant energy is propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves. A moving wave forms a series of crests and troughs, and the wavelength is defined as the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs.
We say a wave has “ moved through one cycle” when it has gone from crest to trough and back to crest again..The frequency of a wave is the number of individual cycles which are executed in one second.
All electromagnetic waves, including those of light, travel at approximately 186,300 mps. As the metric system is used in all scientific measurement, this is usually given a value of 300,000,000 metres per sec. Classification of all forms of radiant energy is carried out by a comparison of wavelengths, and a table can be set up forming a spectrum of wavelengths.
The electromagnetic spectrum is so arranged that the longer wavelengths are at the bottom of the table. Only a very small fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible to us as light, and the lower region of this section has a wavelength of 0.000.00075 metre. We see radiation at this wavelength as red light.
To simplify matters when calculating wavelength, the scientists invented a measure called the Angstrom unit, which is equal to 1/10,000,000,000 of a metre. This is abbreviated to the letter A. The visible spectrum extends from 7,500 A (Deep red) to 4,000 A (Blue)
The energy of radiation is proportional to its frequency, and the energy of each wave packet, or cycle, is called a quantum. This is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation by Planck’s Constant (6.625 x 10_27 erg seconds).The number of quanta that pass a designated point in a given time depends directly on the intensity of the radiation source.
All light is produced when atoms are subjected to energy changes.When an electrical current is caused to flow through the filament of a light-bulb, the atomic structure of the tungsten , or other material that it consists of, is agitated, and some of the energy is released as visible light.The energy levels of the atomic structure of a gas can be caused to fluctuate in the same way.
When an atom absorbs or imparts energy, it does so according to very strict rules, and each atom has an energy level that represents its stable state.Hydrogen in this stable, or ground state, cannot absorb energy in an amount less than 10 electron-volts. If a Hydrogen atom is struck by an electron which has an energy of less than 10 EV the particle will disperse without imparting any of its energy to the Hydrogen. If the electron had an energy potential of 10 EV or more,the Hydrogen atom could absorb the 10 EV and the electron would continue on its way with a reduced energy and speed.
The Hydrogen atom would then be at its first excited state, at which level it would stay for a short time, then fall back to the ground state, shedding its 10EV of energy as a quantum of electromagnetic radiation.It appears that the energy level in a Hydrogen atom can be raised to a total of seven higher states than the stable ground state.
As the energy is dissipated in a jump from a higher level to a lower one, the loss is manifested as a packet of radiation.As the total number of electrons that can be accommodated in each atomic “shell” is eight, it is logical to assume that the total number of energy levels to which an atom can be raised would depend on the number of electrons which exist in the outer shell of the atom when it is in its stable, or ground , state.
If ,for instance, a particular type of atom has four electrons in its outer shell in the ground state, then it can be raised to a total of four energy levels higher, at which time the octave of eight electron positions has been used up.As the atom jumps back through the four excited states to its stable level, different types of radiation would be emitted.
The textbooks state that when the electron passes through various energy levels it jumps to higher or lower orbits in its travel around the nucleus of an atom. I have a feeling that this is not quite the whole story. The outer shell of an atom is capable of accommodating eight electrons, and in the case of Hydrogen, only one of these positions is filled.
In the chapter on the harmonic nature of the atomic table of elements I have demonstrated that each electron position on the orbital periphery of an atom is spaced at a harmonic distance of 144 (the light harmonic), the total of the eight electron positions forming an orbital harmonic circumference of 1152 units.
I would theorise that if a Hydrogen atom were in the stable state, then the single electron would have a very definite fixed location in relation to the eight positions it could fill. As energy is imparted to it in strict quantum jumps, then the electron would move round the periphery of orbit in each of the three dimensional planes to occupy the next position, which would be a three-dimensional harmonic leap of 144 units.
As the energy of the electron is increased it would move further round the periphery of orbit in unit jumps of 144 until a maximum of eight positions was reached. This could be likened to the twisting of a bendix spring in the starter motor of a car. The more the circumferential twist, the higher the tension
The process called spontaneous emission occurs when an atom in the excited state, say E2, decays of its own accord to the lower energy level E, and emits a photon of energy E2-E. Albert Einstien proved mathematically that if the atom in its higher energy state is hit by another photon of the same energy, the decay can be stimulated to occur before its natural time. After the collision, two photons of the same energy would leave the scene of the accident, as it were, and travel in the same direction, exactly in step with each other.
The process of stimulated emission is the basis for a method of amplifying light waves.The American scientists James P Gordon, H T Zeiger, and Charles H Townes put this general idea to pratical use in 1954. They applied the theory to the amplification of microwaves by the fluctuation of the energy levels of molecules. This type of device was called the “maser”, which stood for…”Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation”. One use of a maser is that of an input amplifier of radio telescopes and of space-tracking receivers that magnify weak signals coming in from space.
The theory was first used to generate coherent light in 1960, by the scientist T H Maiman, an employee of the Hughes Aircraft Company in California. The main parts of the device were a xenon flashtube and a cylindrical ruby crystal. The type of ruby used is a synthetic gem-stone made by fusing aluminium and chromium oxides together. The amount of chromium is only five hundreths of one percent, but this seems to be the catalyst upon which the action of light amplification depends.
The ruby crystal is flattened at both ends , and each end polished to a mirror finish. One end is heavily coated with silver. The other end not so heavily coated, which causes it to reflect only approximately 92 percent of the light waves which impinge upon it. The crystal is then positioned within a helical-shaped flashtube. The irradiation of the crystal by this method is called optical pumping.
Mr John Carroll, in his book “ The story of The Laser”, states…..
“ When energy is imparted to an atom…it is said to absorb energy and to have been raised to a higher or more excited energy state , or level. If the electron then returns to its original orbit [ I would say position in its orbit] the atom then gives up energy. It may now emit light of a precise wavelength. The atom is said to relax to a lower or less excited energy state, or level. When light wavelets, or photons, at 5600A from the flashtube irradiate the ruby rod, they raise the energy of some of the chromium ions dissolved in the ruby from groundstate(1) to various levels lying within the absorbtion band.
Then the chromium ions immediately begin to drop from these higher energy levels. Some drop right back to the ground state, level (1), as they do in natural fluorescence. But others drop to an intermediate, or so called “meta-stable” state, (2). If left alone, the latter chromium ions would continue their drop to level (1), and the result would be natural fluorescence. But these ions dally for a short but measurable time in level (2), and this is what makes laser action possible
While the chromium ions are trying to get back to level (1) the flashtube keeps on irradiating more chromium ions. In fact, the two-step movement from state (1) to state (3) and down to state (2) is much faster than the movement from state (2) to state (1). Thus there develops a chromium traffic jam at energy level (2).
…as the pile- up of chromium ions in level (2) continues, another situation develops: soon there are more chromium ions in level (2) than in level (1). This is called population inversion and is essential to laser action. When you have an inversion of the chromium ion population, the laser resembles a spring that has been wound up and cocked. It needs a key to release it.
This is what is meant by “ stimulated emission” of radiation. The stimulus is the key that releases the cocked spring. The key is a photon of light of exactly the wavelength to be emitted (6943A). Emission begins when a random chromium ion spontaneously falls from level (2) to level (1) emitting a photon at 6943A. The photon strikes neighbouring metastable , (level 2) ions, causing them to emit additional photons and these in turn trigger other metastable ions.”
As this action builds up, millions of photons are released within the ruby crystal. Some are lost by escaping through the sides of the crystal but a great number are reflected back and forth between the mirrored ends..This causes a stream of photons to be built up until the energy is so great that a beam of single-frequency, coherent light passes through the partially silvered end in an intense pulse. Laser action now commences and a continuous pulsing action occurs, setting up a very thin beam of light consisting of waves all in step with each other
The story of the laser is a very exciting one, and many textbooks can now be obtained explaining the general technicalities of its operation. What is of immediate importance to us in the creation of the beam of photons is the quantum of energy necessary to initiate the action: namely, 6943 angstroms. A very familiar value- the harmonic of the speed of light reciprocal.
These standard values are repeated “ad nausem” , but that is what the exercise is all about- the unified nature of light and matter. When the energy level of a laser device is built up until it reaches the harmonic reciprocal of the speed of light, the creation of a photon must occur if symmetry is to be maintained.The 6943 A energy packet would create an anti-photon, so we must have a normal photon on the physical side to balance it up.
More and more photons are created in an ever-increasing avalanche, as more energy is pumped into the laser, and eventually the stage must be reached when they saturate the device to overflowing, and burst forth to form an energy beam.
Another important factor in the construction of a laser is the type of material used to make the crystal, or the make-up of the gas in certain types of gas laser. To create a harmonic trigger to initiate the formation of photons it would be logical to assume that special materials would have to be found for the construction that would have a physical harmonic affinity with light, or any type of radiation it was intended to produce.
In the case of the ruby laser, this was found to be so. A combination of aluminium isotopes could be used to form an aluminium oxide with an atomic weight of 26.94 (harmonic 2694; see unified equation). The same would apply to chromium, the atomic weight being 51.84 (51.84=7.2/2 {squared}….or harmonic 72, or c/2.
The combination of chromium and aluminium would give a combined weight of 78.78. The reciprocal of this number is 12693577 (12694). Gallium arsenide is another material that can be used successfully in solid state lasers. In this case the most efficient mixture of isotopes to use would be that which would give an atomic weight of 69.44
In all cases, laser action is seen to be directly related to quantum jumps that give very accurate values in terms of light, or associated harmonics. For instance, in the case of the ruby laser it was found possible to double the output to 3472 angstroms.This would create an energy level which is a reciprocal of the double light harmonic of 288.
John Carroll states in his book: “Frequency coherrant light also lends itself to frequency multiplication, the technique whereby a closely controlled but relatively low radio frequency can be raised to a higher output frequency. The output of a ruby laser at 6943A, has been doubled to 3472 A.The input was deep red and the output blue-violet, almost ultra-violet.
The reason the wavelengths of laser light are given so precisely is that the emission of laser light depends on the shifting electrons between atomic orbits and each wavelength is characteristic of one particular orbital shift, or so-called, quantum jump”
As stated before, according to the evidence I have found the quantum jump is not strictly confined to a lower or higher orbit, but rather to a new position further around the periphery of the three-dimensional planes of orbit, 144 harmonic units from the stable point.
As the shift in position cannot be observed, the movement apparently takes place during the antimatter part of the pulse or cycle. The possibility even occurs to me that the electron in the stable position may disappear instantaneously and that a new one is created to take its place at the higher energy level, further round the orbit.
The fact that laser action depends entirely on the harmonic affinity of energy and physical materials indicates to me some very exciting possibilities for the future.The next step in research is obviously to construct lasers in such a way that the coherrant light beam can be selected to particular wavelengths that coincide with that of specific types of physical matter.
If, as I presume, the atomic table of elements is a natural harmonic series, then it would be possible to tune a laser to resonate at the exact wavelength of any type of matter we choose.If this is so then we would have at our disposal the perfect tool for cutting, or manipulating, any type of material.
The atomic structure would not be physically torn apart during the cutting process as it is under present methods. The atoms along the line of the cut would be actually disintergrated with a very small amount of effort, leaving a smooth clean surface. An added, and very important advantage, would be that any other type of material or physical matter touched by the selective laser would remain unharmed, as the physical wave-form would be out of harmony with the beam.
It is more than a probability that the miles of spacious tunnels and caverns snaking through the depths of the mountain ranges in South America, as described in the books of Erich Von Daniken were carved out by the use of laser-type devices. Thousands of tons of rock have been removed and the walls in many places are still smooth to the touch, regardless of their immense age.
Only highly sophisticated machines, or electronic means, could have been employed to work extremely hard granite to such a high degree of accuracy and finish.
A pointer to this may be found in an article printed in the “Rosicrucian Digest” of March 1961. The story called “A Beam of Light” , by Gaston Burridge, discussed the possibility of creating an electronic generator to produce a disintergrating beam.
He stated that Nicola Tesla had spoken of such an idea in 1933. Tesla envisaged the beam, or ray, as tiny in size, but highly destructive.. Possibly no more than one hundred thousandth of a centimeter in diameter. The range would be about 200 miles, due to the curvature of the earth, and the energy would be about 50 000 000 volts. He estimated the cost to be around 2 000 000 dollars- a great amount of money in the early 1930’s. It would be interesting to know if the information necessary to make the generator was among the records removed from Tesla’s safe by the authorities when he died in 1943.
Was it Tesla who paved the way for the production of the laser? More than possible I would say, because in the same article another startling occurrence was described. Evidently in Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, not too long ago, a mysterious happening took place:
“Fort Monmouth scientists were experimenting with new ideas in radar-beam transmission. Giant electrical apparatus flexing huge mechanical muscles hummed contentedly. Experimental test results however had been disappointing , and after a brief conference the three participating scientists gave their foreman word to end the experiment. Turning to his switchboard operator, the foreman swung his hands palms down at waist level, as a signal to shut off power.
As he lifted his hand toward the handle of the main switch, all eyes followed the motion……then before his hand could reach the switch a blinding flash of purple fire arced out from the radar transmitter. An angry demonic hiss followed the flash. The brilliance paused a fraction of a second, flattening itself slightly against a two-foot thick concrete laboratory wall, then burst through it with a sharp sizzling noise….
The lavender flame had pierced a forty-inch diameter hole, its edges vitrified , without one sliver of material which had once filled it remaining. The stone had evidently become gas almost instantly.”
Obviously the above description was the portrayal of an experiment that went some what hay-wire.But the results, although accidental, could no doubt be repeated by intention, and under complete control. It is almost certain that the disintergrator ray is already in the hands of the top scientific and military groups in the world.
I have shown how the atomic weights of aluminium and gallium make these metals ideal for the manufacture of lasers due to their harmonic properties. Another use has been found for them in the construction of high-flux solar cells. The use of normal photovoltaic solar cells is prohibited by the high cost of production.
It has been found by experiment that a particular type of gallium arsenide, or gallium aluminium arsenide heterostructure junction semi-conductor solar cells can be operated at light intensities of 2000 times that of full sunlight. The output is between 20 and 40w per square centimeter. The maximum efficiency obtained by use of silicone cells is obtained by a concentration of only about 10 times that of normal sunlight.
Obviously gallium and aluminium have very special properties which can be exploited in various types of electrical apparatus. Other elements or combinations of elements will be discovered in the future, which can be utilized for various types of sophisticated electrical gear, due to their particular harmonic wave-pattern. By this I am referring to the geometric structure of the atoms making up an element, or a combination of elements.
Science has only just begun to un lock the mysteries of physical substance. An exciting future awaits us in the discoveries yet to come.