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View Full Version : Rising tensions in Colombia: US Bases, neighbours, & rebels



Snow Crash
07-26-2009, 11:00 PM
As some may have noticed recently, Colombia's right-wing Uribe Government looks set to allow the US to establish a serious military presence within its borders. This has of course, caused uproar amongst both domestic and international players in the region.

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Uribe Agrees US "Access" to Military Bases

BOGOTA, Jul 17 (IPS) - With parliament in recess, the Colombian government of Álvaro Uribe confirmed that it would give the United States access to at least three military bases.

"It sounds to me like the U.S. is planning to increase its overall military and paramilitary engagement in the Colombian conflict," said Wilbert van der Zeijden, a researcher on militarism and globalisation at the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam.

Van der Zeijden, who is also executive coordinator of the Netherlands-based International Network for the Abolition of Foreign Military Bases (or No Bases Network), did not rule out the possibility that U.S. forces "plan to engage in on-the-ground military missions together with the Colombian national army".

On Thursday, the United States began to pull its troops out of the Manta air base on Ecuador's Pacific coast, where U.S. operations were set to end Friday. The base was leased to the U.S. air force in 1999 for use in counter-drugs activities in the northwestern area of South America, and left-wing Ecuadorean President Rafael Correa has refused to renew the lease.

The Colombian government said on Wednesday that it was about to sign an agreement to expand military cooperation with the U.S., giving the Department of Defence access to three military bases, although analyst of military affairs Alfredo Rangel put the number at five.

The right-wing Uribe administration mentioned the bases at Malambo near the Caribbean coast in the north, Apiay in the south-central part of the country, and Palanquero, the main air base, in central Colombia, for which the U.S. government of Barack Obama already earmarked 46 million dollars for upgrading in 2010.

According to the government, the agreement is not new, but merely a reformed and updated version of the decades-old military cooperation between the two countries, which will be in effect for 10 years, like the Manta base agreement between Washington and Quito that expires in November.

Colombia is the third-largest recipient of U.S. military aid in the world, after Israel and Egypt.

The U.S.-financed multi-billion-dollar Plan Colombia, initially presented as an anti-drug strategy but later described also as a counterinsurgency plan against the 45-year-old FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), has been operating since January 2000.

The U.S. classifies the FARC as a terrorist and drug trafficking organisation.

The Colombian government is trying to get the U.S. to limit its funding cuts for Plan Colombia, which has enabled it to fight the leftist rebels from the air and to expand the deployment of land troops.

Under Plan Colombia, a maximum of 800 military "advisers" and 600 "civilian contractors" may be stationed in this civil war-torn South American country. The Plan's centre of operations is the Tres Esquinas base in the south of the country.

The Uribe and Obama administrations say the updated agreement will not imply an increase in the caps on the number of U.S. military or civilian personnel in Colombia.

Resistance to the agreement on the U.S. use of Colombian bases came not only from the opposition but also from members of the Council of State and pro-Uribe members of Congress, who argued that it could undermine national sovereignty.[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

More of this article at http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=47714

So, the US is going to increase its presence and further aid the Colombian Government fight the FARC. The sites of the bases listed certainly give the US forces excellent reach within Colombia. Their positioning though, allows reaching further afield.

And doesn't Chavez just know it.

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Chavez criticises US-Colombia plan

Venezuela's president has objected to a decision by neighbouring Colombia to allow more US troops onto its soil.

Hugo Chavez said that Bogota's plan to accommodate more US troops at its air and naval bases was "a threat" to Venezuela.

"They are surrounding Venezuela with military bases," he said in a speech televised late on Monday, adding that relations between Caracas and Bogota would be placed under review.

The criticism comes ahead of a fifth round of talks between the US and Colombia aimed at finalising a security accord.[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2009/07/2009721201557748106.html

The US? Surrounding an enemy with bases, you say? That sounds familiar. Bit like Iran and Russia. Maybe the US should try encircling China as well, just to be safe.

Chavez also had this to say:

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Chávez warns Colombia not to allow U.S. base

President Hugo Chávez warned Colombia not to allow a U.S. military base on its border with Venezuela, saying he would regard such an act as "aggression."

Chávez said Wednesday that he would not let the U.S.-backed Colombian government establish an American military base in La Guajira, a region spanning northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.

The Venezuelan leader said that if Colombia allowed the base, his government would revive an old territorial conflict and claim the entire region.

"We will not allow the Colombian government to give La Guajira to the empire," Chávez said, referring to the United States in a speech before an auditorium of uniformed soldiers. "Colombia is launching a threat of war at us."[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=9017

But the Uribe Government's closeness to Washington is not only causing friction with the Venezuelans to escalate, but is also serving to isolate it with other neighbours in the region:

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]At a summit of the leaders of Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela in La Paz on Thursday, Bolivian President Evo Morales said any politician who allowed U.S. troops into their country "is a traitor to his country, a traitor to his fatherland."[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=47714

To be fair to Uribe though, if he said no to the US request, Plan Colombia's funding could have been seriously dented. Then he wouldn't be able to fund his extensive operations against the FARC, which include air operations, as this recent story demonstrates:

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Colombia 'bombs Farc jungle camp'

Colombian forces have bombed a rebel camp in the jungle, killing at least 16 suspected guerrillas, officials say.

The aerial bombing, south of the capital Bogota, was part of a hunt for the military chief of the Farc rebels, Jorge Briceno - known as "Mono Jojoy".

He leads the most powerful division of the left-wing group, and is believed to have some 4,000 men under his command.

Colombian rebels have been under pressure following a military campaign launched by President Alvaro Uribe.[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8169086.stm

FARC has not only been duking it out with the Colombian Government, but also with the second largest rebel group in Colombia, the ELN, whose leader recently called for a truce between the two groups:

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Colombian rebels seek FARC truce

The leader of Colombia's second-largest rebel group has appealed to the country's largest, the Farc, to end fighting between them.

"We must order a stop to fratricidal war between our two forces," wrote the National Liberation Army (ELN) chief Nicolas "Gambino" Rodriguez.

He sent the message to Alfonso Cano, the new head of Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8066191.stm

The call for peace between the two left-wing rebel movements is surely a reaction to gains made by the US backed Uribe Government's forces against both groups.

Chavez, in the meantime, has called for the US and Europeans to stop treating the two groups as terrorist organisations:

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Chavez makes Colombia rebel call

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has called on the US and European governments to stop treating Colombian left-wing rebel groups as terrorists.

Mr Chavez said the Farc and ELN guerrilla movements were armies with a political project and should be recognised as such.

He was speaking a day after helping manage the FARC's release of two hostages held for more than five years.

The Colombian president swiftly rejected Mr Chavez's idea.[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7184485.stm

So we see that Uribe's Government is not only surrounded by nations hostile to it and its closeness the US, but also it's internal military 'successes' are forcing rebels to seriously consider banding together to face the Government, supported politically (and no doubt otherwise) by the aforementioned neighbour states.

So who is Uribe?

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Profile: Alvaro Uribe Velez

Alvaro Uribe Velez is a tough right-winger whose political life has been dominated by the desire to rid the country of the rebels who killed his father 20 years ago.

He won office in 2002, following it in 2006 with a landslide victory that gave him the four more years he said he needed to tackle Colombia's armed groups and drug-traffickers.[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

More at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3214685.stm

Mr Uribe is credited with having forced groups like the FARC out of the cities and back into the countryside of Colombia, success that has earned him great popularity. So much so, in fact, that recently, this happened:

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Colombia Senate backs Uribe vote

Colombia's Senate has overwhelmingly backed a referendum on allowing President Alvaro Uribe to stand for an unprecedented third term in 2010.

A vote in favour would amend the constitution to allow the same right to any president.

Opinion polls indicate that more than 80% of Colombians would currently approve the change.

Opposition leaders say allowing the change would pave the way for the erosion of democracy in Colombia.[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8058690.stm

A threat to democracy indeed. Despite being viewed as a hero by many of his political colleagues, Uribe's Government are not quite as righteous as they may seem:

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Report of Human Rights Watch : Uribe's government hampers the progress of actions against paras

(Bogota, October 16, 2008) – The administration of President Álvaro Uribe is jeopardizing efforts to secure justice for crimes committed by paramilitaries and their accomplices in Colombia, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today.

The 140-page report, “Breaking the Grip? Obstacles to Justice for Paramilitary Mafias in Colombia,” assesses Colombia’s progress toward investigating and breaking the influence of paramilitaries’ mafia-like networks. It also describes government actions that pose serious obstacles to continued progress. The report is based on interviews with prosecutors and investigators, case files, witness testimony, and other material collected over the course of more than one year of research in Colombia.

“Colombia’s justice institutions have made enormous progress in investigating paramilitaries and their powerful friends,” said José Miguel Vivanco, Americas director at Human Rights Watch. “But the Uribe administration keeps taking steps that could sabotage these investigations.”

Colombia’s paramilitaries have committed crimes against humanity and other atrocities, including thousands of killings, massacres, threats, enforced disappearances, and forced displacement of civilians. They have amassed enormous wealth and influence, in part through mafia-style alliances with members of the military, politicians, and businesspeople.

In the last two years, Colombia’s Supreme Court has made unprecedented progress in investigating accusations against members of the Colombian Congress of collaborating with the paramilitaries. More than 60 members – nearly all from Uribe’s coalition – have come under investigation. And, in confessions to prosecutors, paramilitary commanders have started to disclose the details of some of their atrocities and to name accomplices in politics and the military.[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

http://poorbuthappy.com/colombia/post/human-rightswatch--colombia-government-hampers-justice-efforts/

Uribe's view on human rights groups:

[offsite:2d5dgkfz]Uribe calls human rights groups, among other things, "spokesmen for terrorism" and "politickers of terrorism." He challenges them to "take off their masks ... and drop this cowardice of hiding their ideas behind human rights." Uribe's speech distinguishes between serious human rights groups and "politickers," but fails to explain how he makes this distinction.[/offsite:2d5dgkfz]

http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/ngos.htm

So it appears that not only is the Uribe Government is in bed with the with-wing paramilitaries of Colombia, while attacking left wing rebels, but is dangerously dismissive of human rights. The question then is surely thus:

Is the US funding a right-wing government, which could quite possibly turn dictatorial, citing the War on Drugs/Terror, while the real agenda is to instead strategically surround Venezuela, the most outspoken enemy of the US in the region?

KIWI
07-27-2009, 02:04 AM
if the seppos are setting up shop there Snow, you can consider it a safe place to be when/ if the 2012 drama goes off :thegeneral:

Snow Crash
07-27-2009, 10:34 AM
if the seppos are setting up shop there Snow, you can consider it a safe place to be when/ if the 2012 drama goes off :thegeneral:

LOL

Well, at least the survivors will have cocaine.

KIWI
07-27-2009, 08:47 PM
Bolivian marching powder rox.... :twisted:

[attachment=0:1fd6k3hk]bush_cocaine.jpg[/attachment:1fd6k3hk]

Cogburn
07-27-2009, 08:56 PM
I took a while to digest this info and did a little digging around myself.

Notice how the description of the strife in Columbia completely ignores the drug cartels, which is still the highest grossing industry in the nation. "Terrorists"... "Militia"... "Rebel factions"... Columbia had some armed rebels in the hinterlands, but it was never much of a threat in comparison to the cartels. Not to mention, the cartels and the rebels don't like each other as the rebels are majority communist and tend to frown on black market economies.

Geopolitical power is based more on perception than reality. Given enough time and ideological reinforcement, perception becomes reality.

Chavez is playing geopolitics, Cold War style. He's using the strife in Columbia like a "domino effect" theory of American imperialism in SA. To increase his profile with his neighbors he's providing anti-American factions with ideological, if not monetary and/or material, support. The cartels have simply hunkered down to see who's left standing when all is said and done. I wouldn't be surprised if Chavez has spoken to them directly in order to better coordinate a response.

If the rebels win, it's a workers' victory. If the government wins, it's more American imperialism encroaching into SA.

It doesn't matter to Chavez which way things go in Columbia, as long as he makes noise on the issue, he wins.

boycotteverything
07-27-2009, 09:19 PM
Colombia would have had a different history if the US hadn't decided to steal Panama from them. A similar sort of case can be made for every country in South America. That's what pisses Hugo off. And he's right.

Snow Crash
07-27-2009, 09:45 PM
Columbia had some armed rebels in the hinterlands

Some? And only in the hinterlands?

[offsite:2k3udegb]Established in 1964 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party, the FARC is Colombia’s oldest, largest, most capable, and best-equipped Marxist insurgency. The FARC is governed by a secretariat, led by septuagenarian Manuel Marulanda (a.k.a. “Tirofijo”) and six others, including senior military commander Jorge Briceno (a.k.a. “Mono Jojoy”). The FARC is organized along military lines and includes several urban fronts

.........

Strength

Approximately 9,000 to 12,000 armed combatants and several thousand more supporters, mostly in rural areas.[/offsite:2k3udegb]

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/farc.htm

[offsite:2k3udegb]July 8 (Bloomberg) -- Colombia’s biggest guerrilla group is shifting its strategy to urban terrorism after suffering battlefield losses that threaten its survival, national police Chief Oscar Naranjo said.

The leader of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, Alfonso Cano, has unleashed a wave of bombings in the nation’s cities following the rebels’ worst defeats in 45 years of rural and jungle fighting, Naranjo said in an interview. With their territory shrinking, the guerrillas aim to stoke fear in more densely populated and economically important areas, he said.[/offsite:2k3udegb]

http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=avQHbVKBm4W8


Not to mention, the cartels and the rebels don't like each other as the rebels are majority communist and tend to frown on black market economies.

Really?

[offsite:2k3udegb]Financing

FARC has financed itself through kidnapping ransoms, extortion, and drug trafficking which includes but it is not limited to coca plant harvesting, protection of their crops, processing of coca leaves to manufacture cocaine, and drug trade protection. Businesses operating in rural areas, including agricultural, oil, and mining interests, were required to pay “vaccines” (monthly fees) which “protected” them from subsequent attacks and kidnappings. An additional, albeit less lucrative, source of revenue was highway blockades where guerrillas stopped motorists and buses in order to confiscate jewelry and money, which were especially prevalent during the presidencies of Ernesto Samper (1994-1998) and that of Andrés Pastrana (1998-2002).

Over time, fewer recruits joined the organization for ideological reasons, debatably as a means to escape poverty and unemployment.[citation needed]

Drug trafficking

The FARC have ties to narcotics traffickers, principally through the provision of armed protection and a form of “taxation” over drugs crops and their profits. During the mid- to late-1990s, several drug war analysts have stated that the FARC would have become increasingly involved in the drug trade, controlling farming, production and exportation of cocaine in those areas of the country under their influence. This claim has been made by U.S. and Colombian authorities. Former FARC hostages Stansell, Gonsalves and Howes said they witnessed FARC coca cultivation during their time as FARC captives, describing the activity in their 2008 memoir, "Out of Captivity."[70] [17]

Brazilian druglord Luiz Fernando da Costa (aka Fernandinho Beira-Mar) was captured in Colombia on April 20, 2001 while in the company of FARC-EP guerrillas. Colombian and Brazilian authorities have claimed that this constitutes proof of further cooperation between the FARC-EP and the druglord based on the exchange of weapons for cocaine.[71][72][73] Fernandinho and the FARC-EP have denied this. FARC itself has claimed that in their areas of influence the growth of coca plants by farmers would be taxed on the same basis as any other crop, though there would be higher cash profits stemming from coca production and exportation.

In August 2006, Chilean authorities seized more than 108 kilograms of cocaine and captured twelve members of an international drug trafficking ring, which they described as being led by an unnamed Colombian in Panama who received and distributed the ring’s profits to finance FARC activities.[/offsite:2k3udegb]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia#Financing

[offsite:2k3udegb]According to military analysts, the FARC earns between $250 and $300 million through criminal acts, of which 65 percent comes from the drug trade.

The FARC's conventional "guerrilla" weapons include explosives, landmines and bombs camouflaged as necklaces, soccer balls, and soup cans.

They have also orchestrated prison revolts, attacked against police and military personnel and regularly set up roadblocks to "protect" villages from military or paramilitary infiltration. According to reports, the FARC forcibly enlists any persons between the ages of 13 and 60 to work coca or poppy plantations, and serve in the military. The FARC have also targeted religious leaders and banned any spiritual expression.[/offsite:2k3udegb]

http://cocaine.org/colombia/farc.html

[offsite:2k3udegb]While escalating civil conflict in Colombia is attracting increasing international interest and concern, the complex relationships between drug trafficking, political violence, and the many actors involved in the social conflict in Colombia are often absent from the debate. This background brief provides a general overview of the relationship between the largest guerrilla group in Colombia, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ("Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia", FARC) and illicit drug production and trafficking. In policy debates in Washington, the "narcoguerrilla" theory has been employed to suggest that the guerrillas are major drug traffickers and that counterinsurgency and counternarcotics operations are one and the same. In fact, the role of the guerrillas in illicit drug production and drug trafficking has evolved over time and remains primarily focused on taxation of illicit crops.[/offsite:2k3udegb]

http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=archives_vargas_farc

No black market activities, you say? Exactly what 'digging' did you do? Those three articles came up on the first page of a Google search.

There are drug cartels/producers on both the right and the left in Colombia, with both the left wing rebels and the right-wing paramilitaries making vast sums of money from the cocaine trade.

Cogburn
07-27-2009, 10:03 PM
9,000 to 12,000 is impressive... only out of context.
[offsite=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Colombia-ARMED-FORCES.html:2c4h7zr5]Colombia's total armed forces in 2002 amounted to 158,000 active personnel with 60,700 reserves. The army of 136,000 is organized in five divisions of 17 infantry brigades. Air force personnel numbered 7,000. The navy had 15,000 personnel, including 10,000 marines. There is also a 104,600-member national police force.

Colombia's defense forces are frequently occupied in opposing rural violence, often stemming from militant guerrilla groups and drug lords' armies. Opposition forces include the Coordinadora Nacional Guerrillera Simon Bolivar (CNGSB) which is in collaboration with several guerrilla groups numbering around 18,000. The right wing paramilitary group Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) has approximately 10,600 members. Defense expenditures in 2001 amounted to $3.3 billion, or 3.4% of GDP.[/offsite:2c4h7zr5]

... and that's not to mention U.S. funds, training, and equipment. Look at those other groups... FARC are little fish.

The FARC has only been able to survive through a combination of mixed popular support, rugged mountainous terrain and the perpetual pressure on the government from the cartels and the other, larger, rebel factions (which were beaten, by the way). The FARC have been around for 40 years and have accomplished little more than providing perpetual training targets for the military given that the government has been all but wholly propped up by the United States.

Yes, FARC are in the hinterlands. Note the repeated use of the term "rural" in your cited articles, then go look at a map of Columbia. ETA also manages to pull off a bombing in a major city now and then and they too are in the hinterlands. Don't read too much into a colorful turn of phrase.

Honestly I didn't dig into the history of the FARC, only Chavez's history with fucking with Columbia, Ecuador, and related splinter groups. I was just going from what I've absorbed over the years, thanks for the information. My assumption for the tension between the cartels and the FARC has a different basis based the information you've provided... competition. The point was the animosity that exists between the FARC and the cartels, apparently with even stronger motivation than I had assumed.

But yay for you! You corrected one of my factual errors without refuting or commenting on the point which concerned them, even though the factual error was so minor that it had no impact on my statement at all.

Snow Crash
07-27-2009, 10:46 PM
9,000 to 12,000 is impressive... only out of context.

Who was comparing their numbers to the Colombian Military? I showed that your implication that FARC is a mere handful of AK toting hillbillies is in fact, inaccurate.


Yes, FARC are in the hinterlands. Note the repeated use of the term "rural" in your cited articles, then go look at a map of Columbia. ETA also manages to pull off a bombing in a major city now and then and they too are in the hinterlands. Don't read too much into a colorful turn of phrase.

So you're saying there are no urban based forces in FARC?

[offsite:3moachmo]The FARC is organized along military lines and includes several urban fronts[/offsite:3moachmo]

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/farc.htm

[offsite:3moachmo]Bogota, May 3 (EFE) A Colombian leftist guerrilla leader, suspected to be the head of the group’s urban networks, has been arrested from the southwestern city of Cali, the police have said.
Dorbey Collazos Gonzalez, best known as Sergio, was arrested Friday from a residential area in the city, the National Police News Agency (ANNP) said, adding that the rebel was preparing “terrorist acts”.

The agency said that Collazos, 45, active with the insurgents since 1999, was directing urban militias of the Manuel Cepeda Vargas Front of the country’s largest guerrilla group Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).[/offsite:3moachmo]

http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/colombia-nabs-farcs-urban-wing-leader_100187631.html

I'll readily agree that the FARC's main bases of power are in the countryside/jungle/mountain areas of Colombia (its fucking obvious), but they are well known to have urban terrorist groups among their ranks. They don't import country boys specifically for all their urban action.


But yay for you!

Yay? A most inappropriate subject to use that word in... lol


You corrected one of my factual errors without refuting or commenting on the point which concerned them

More reason for you to be celebrating, I am sure ;)

So what is your thoughts on the military bases and their strategic importance versus Venezuela, and the Uribe Government's questionable ties and attitudes? Or did you just want to comment on the cartel-FARC thing?

Cogburn
07-27-2009, 10:52 PM
Uribe and the FARC are a sideshow.

The primary actors in this drama are Chavez and Obama. It's the same drama played out for the past 40 years, with Chavez being the understudy for that prolific deceased Thespian of the global stage, the USSR.

The cartels are vultures waiting to clean up the stage when the drama is concluded.... or when the scene changes.

I'd go so far as to say that were it not for the cartels supplying the bulk of material for the CIA drug trade, we'd have had boots on the ground 20 years ago and Columbia would be a U.S. protectorate.